Medicinal Properties Research Articles

Agro-industrial waste management employing benefits of artificial intelligence.

By 2050, the world's population is predicted to reach over 9 billion, which requires 70% increased production in agriculture and food industries to meet demand. This presents a significant challenge for the agri-food sector in all aspects. Agro-industrial wastes are rich in bioactive substances and other medicinal properties. They can be used as a different source for manufacturing products like biogas, biofuels, mushrooms, and tempeh, the primary ingredients in various studies and businesses. Increased importance is placed on resource recovery, recycling, and reusing (RRR) any waste using advanced technology like IoT and artificial intelligence. AI algorithms offer alternate, creative methods for managing agro-industrial waste management (AIWM). There are contradictions and a need to understand how AI technologies work regarding their application to AIWM. This research studies the application of AI-based technology for the various areas of AIWM. The current work aims to discover AI-based models for forecasting the generation and recycling of AIWM waste. Research shows that agro-industrial waste generation has increased worldwide. Infrastructure needs to be upgraded and improved by adapting AI technology to maintain a balance between socioeconomic structures. The study focused on AI's social and economic impacts and the benefits, challenges, and future work in AIWM. The present research will increase recycling and reproduction with a balance of cost, efficiency, and human resources consumption in agro-industrial waste management.

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based genetic diversity profiling of chilli germplasm for fruit pungency and phytochemical contents

Chilli peppers are widely consumed for their pungency, as used in flavoring the food and has many pharmaceutical and medicinal properties. Based on these properties an experiment was held using 83 varieties of chilli (Hot pepper and sweet pepper) were grown in suitable environment using Augment Block design and evaluated for fruit pungency and phytochemical contents using high proficiency liquid chromatography. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of traits showed highly significant for all traits except for fruit length and capsaicin contents. The value of Least significant increase (LSI)was ranged 0.27-1289.9 for all traits showed high variation among varieties. Highly significant correlation was found among fruit diameter to fruit weight 0.98, while moderate to high correlation was present among all traits. The most pungent genotype 24,634 was 4.8 g in weight, while the least pungent genotypes i.e. PPE-311 (32.8 g), green wonder (40.67) had higher in weight. The genotypes 24,627, 32,344, 32,368 and 1108 marked as higher number of seeds in their placental region. It was observed that chilli genotype 24,621 had maximum length with considerable high amount of pungency act as novel cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the high variability of 46.97 for two PCs with the eigen value 2.6 and 1.63 was recorded. Biplot analysis showed a considerable variability for fruit pungency, while huge variability was found for all traits among given varieties. PPE-311, T5 and T3 are found as highly divergent for all traits. The findings of this study are instrumental for selecting parents to improve desirable traits in future chilli pepper breeding programs. It will help plant/vegetable breeders for development of highly nutrient and pungent varieties and attractive for the consumer of food sector.

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Can Change the Composition of Secondary Metabolites in Fruits ofSolanum nigrumL.

Solanum nigrum is a common weed in arable land, while being used in traditional medicine around the world due to its remarkable levels of valuable secondary metabolites. Agronomic and biological techniques can alter the production of a specific metabolite by influencing plant growth and metabolism. The effects of colonization with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, on the chemical composition of S. nigrum fruits were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. More than 100 different chemical constituents were evaluated by GC-MS. Our study revealed that the levels of phenols (quinic acid), benzenes (hydroquinone), sulfur-containing compounds, lactone and carboxylic acids were improved by R. intraradices. In contrast, hydroxymethylfurfural increased by 68% in R. fasciculatum inoculated with uninoculated S. nigrum plants, and this species was also the most efficient in inducing sugar compounds (D-galactose, lactose, and melezitose). Our results suggest that AMF colonization is an effective biological strategy that can alter the chemical composition and improve the medicinal properties of S. nigrum.

Depiction of new flavonoids from Nyctanthus arbor-tristis, their antimicrobial activity and drug-likeness prediction.

Bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants, such as alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids, possess significant medicinal properties. These compounds have a broad and versatile impact on human nutrition and physiology, contributing to the treatment and management of various diseases. The isolation, structure elucidation and inhibition studies of two novel flavonoids against specific microorganisms, from the leaves of Nyctanthus arbor-tristis are reported in this study. It has been observed for the first time that the presence of an acyl aliphatic moiety, along with the O- glycoside unit at C-7, and the hydroxyl group at C-5, C-4' position in apigenin significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity. Moreover, bioactivity was also investigated through 'Molinspiration' on various parameters followed by the 'rule of five'. This study can be used to highlight the need for the potential development of natural therapeutic products with fewer side effects.

Nutritional profiling and in silico analysis of pharmacological activities from local rice Pulu Mandoti fermented with Pleurotus spp.

Pulu Mandoti, a local red rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety popular among Sulawesi residents, has gained recognition for its perceived health benefits, especially as a preferred dietary option for individuals with diabetes or those seeking to prevent obesity. Given the increasing consumption of mushrooms, particularly Pleurotus species, renowned for their nutritional and medicinal attributes, this study delves into the transformative effects of Pleurotus spp. fermentation on Pulu Mandoti, the indigenous rice variety. Proximate analysis disclosed elevated dry matter (91.99 ± 0.61%), crude protein (8.55 ± 0.15%), and crude fat (1.34 ± 0.05%) in Pleurotus cystidiosus fermentation compared to Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor. Concurrently, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were notably improved in all Pleurotus fermentations. Pulu Mandoti fermented with P. cystidiosus outperformed other treatments, aligning with molecular docking results pinpointing 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester, and butylated hydroxytoluene as optimal interactors with antioxidant receptors 5O0x and 2CKJ. Butylated hydroxytoluene demonstrated interactions with the antidiabetic receptor 2QV4, along with 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. These compounds, previously unreported in Pleurotus, displayed promising attributes as antioxidants and antidiabetic agents. Furthermore, the investigation delved into the fatty acid profiles, emphasizing the diverse range of potential bioactive compounds in fermented Pulu Mandoti. The findings of this research present a potential functional food rich in natural antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds, highlighting the yet undiscovered capabilities of Pleurotus spp. fermentation in augmenting the nutritional composition and bioactivity of indigenous rice varieties, specifically Pulu Mandoti.

Extraction and Analysis of Medicinal Property in Secondary Metabolites Obtained from Selected Plant Species

Medical plants have been used from thousands of years to treat and prevent many diseases. Wockhardt global school Consist various plants variety and for this study three medicinal plants were selected and these plants are Tridax procumbiens (Tantani), Ficus racemosa (Umbar), Nyctanthes abortiristis (Parijat). The primary aim of this study was to extract and identify the presence of phytochemicals and to determine their medicinal uses for human beings. From Vedic era the traditional plant medicines has been considered as a primary healthcare for human beings. In the given study the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, N-Containing chemicals were determined by using phytochemical extraction method. The chemicals were identified based upon various qualitative tests. The selected plants consist glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and carbohydrates. This phytochemicals are responsible for anti-inflammatory properties hence the selected medicinal plants can be used for inflammation, bone pain, joint pain, swelling, and common cough etc. Keywords: Medicinal plants, secondary metabolites, phytochemicals, flavonoids, alkaloids, leaf extract.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the Bichetii grass Chlorophytum laxum (Asparagaceae)

Chlorophytum laxum of Asparagaceae is a valuable ornamental plant native to the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia. The plant also has medicinal properties and is used as source for folk medicine. Despite being commercially important, genetic studies of C. laxum are still limited. To expand the genomic information of this plant species, we sequenced, assembled, and characterized its complete chloroplast genome. The chloroplast genome was 153,678 bp in length, with a large single-copy region (83,225 bp) and a small single-copy region (18,031 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,211 bp each). A total of 127 genes were predicted, including 81 protein-coding, 38 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content was 37.3%. Based on current sampling size, phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood based on the complete chloroplast genome sequence revealed that the relationship in Chlorophytum is well resolved; C. laxum was closely related to C. rhizopendulum.

Combining Transcriptome- and Metabolome-Analyzed Differentially Expressed Genes and Differential Metabolites in Development Period of Caoyuanheimo-1 (Agaricus sp.) from Inner Mongolia, China

Caoyuanheimo-1 (Agaricus sp.) is a delectable mushroom native to Inner Mongolia, China, belonging to the Agaricus genus and valued for both its edible and medicinal properties. Although it has been cultivated to a certain extent, the molecular mechanisms regulating its development remain poorly understood. Building on our understanding of its growth and development conditions at various stages, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolomic studies to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites throughout its growth cycle. Simultaneously, we analyzed the synthesis pathways and identified several key genes involved in the production of terpenoids, which are secondary metabolites with medicinal value widely found in mushrooms. A total of 6843 unigenes were annotated, and 449 metabolites were detected in our study. Many of these metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids, such as arginine, cysteine, methionine, and other amino acids, which indicates that the genes related to amino acid metabolism may play an important role in the fruiting body development of Caoyuanheimo-1. Succinic acid also showed a significant positive correlation with the transcriptional level changes of nine genes, including laccase-1 (TRINITY_DN5510_c0_g1), fruiting body protein SC3 (TRINITY_DN3577_c0_g1), and zinc-binding dihydrogenase (TRINITY_DN2099_c0_g1), etc. Additionally, seventeen terpenoids and terpenoid-related substances were identified, comprising five terpenoid glycosides, three monoterpenoids, two diterpenoids, one sesquiterpenoid, one sesterterpenoid, two terpenoid lactones, and three triterpenoids. The expression levels of the genes related to terpenoid synthesis varied across the three developmental stages.

Biocultural heritage of the Caatinga: a systematic review of Myrtaceae and its multiple uses.

The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome, stands as a reservoir of remarkable biodiversity. Its significance transcends ecological dimensions, given the direct reliance of the local population on its resources for sustenance and healthcare. While Myrtaceae, a pivotal botanical family within the Brazilian flora, has been extensively explored for its medicinal and nutritional attributes, scant attention has been directed towards its contextual relevance within the Caatinga's local communities. Consequently, this inaugural systematic review addresses the ethnobotanical roles of Myrtaceae within the Caatinga, meticulously anchored in the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched Scopus, MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scielo, and LILIACS. No date-range filter was applied. An initial pool of 203 articles was carefully scrutinized, ultimately yielding 31 pertinent ethnobotanical studies elucidating the utility of Myrtaceae amongst the Caatinga's indigenous populations. Collectively, they revealed seven distinct utilization categories spanning ~54 species and 11 genera. Psidium and Eugenia were the genera with the most applications. The most cited categories of use were food (27 species) and medicinal (22 species). The importance of accurate species identification was highlighted, as many studies did not provide enough information for reliable identification. Additionally, the potential contribution of Myrtaceae fruits to food security and human health was explored. The diversity of uses demonstrates how this family is a valuable resource for local communities, providing sources of food, medicine, energy, and construction materials. This systematic review also highlights the need for more ethnobotanical studies to understand fully the relevance of Myrtaceae species in the Caatinga, promoting biodiversity conservation, as well as support for local populations.

Quercetin Exhibits Preferential Binding Interaction by Selectively Targeting HRAS1 I-Motif DNA-Forming Promoter Sequences.

I-Motif (iM) DNA structures represent among the most significant noncanonical nucleic acid configurations. iM-forming DNA sequences are found in an array of vital genomic locations and are particularly frequent in the promoter islands of various oncogenes. Thus, iM DNA is a crucial candidate for anticancer medicines; therefore, binding interactions between iM DNA and small molecular ligands, such as flavonoids, are critically important. Extensive sets of spectroscopic strategies and thermodynamic analysis were utilized in the present investigation to find out the favorable interaction of quercetin (Que), a dietary flavonoid that has various health-promoting characteristics, including anticancer properties, with noncanonical iM DNA structure. Spectroscopic studies and thermal analysis revealed that Que interacts preferentially with HRAS1 iM DNA compared with VEGF, BCL2 iM, and duplex DNA. Que, therefore, emerged as a suitable natural-product-oriented antagonist for targeting HRAS1 iM DNA. The innovative spectroscopic as well as mechanical features of Que and its specific affinity for HRAS1 iM may be useful for therapeutic applications and provide crucial insights for the design of compounds with remarkable medicinal properties.

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Clitoria Guianensis (Aubl.) Benth Var. Guianensis: A Comprehensive Review of its AntiInflammatory and Wound Healing Properties

Introduction: This article proposes a comprehensive systematic review to analyze the potential of Clitoria guianensis as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent. The emphasis on diversifying research methods aims to deepen understanding of its medicinal properties, especially in the context of anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities. The plant, belonging to the genus Clitoria and native to Brazil, is recognized for its aphrodisiac properties and is used as a sexual stimulant, tonic, and energizer. Studies highlight the presence of bioactive compounds, such as isoflavones, which contribute to its medicinal properties. Methodology:The study was based on the Systematic Literature Review Protocol (SLRP), establishing a framework for comprehensively reviewing scientific literature. The objective was to identify the medicinal properties of C. guianensis in Brazil, focusing on its potential anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Results: The results of this scientific review aim to substantiate the consideration of C. guianensis as a potentially beneficial plant in tissue regeneration processes.

Recent advances of Terminalia catappa and its application in fish culture: A review

AbstractHigh‐intensity aquaculture may cause the aquatic animals to experience elevated stress levels, which in turn will increase their susceptibility to illness and result in substantial losses. Farmers frequently use chemical and antibiotic treatments for fish diseases, which have led to drug‐resistant and hazardous residues in farmed fish and the environment. Consequently, finding substitutes for chemicals and antibiotics is crucial for disease management in aquaculture. Terminalia catappa L. or commonly called Indian almond is well known for its medicinal properties and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. T. catappa contains chemical compounds such as tannin and flavonoid that play an important role in antibacterial, anti‐allergy, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐cancer. Numerous studies have been conducted on leaves, bark, fruits, and seed of T. catappa for their applications, including medicinal, bioremediation (dye absorption), and aquaculture use. Much research can be found on the utilization of T. catappa leaves to improve fish well‐being, mostly in the ornamental fish industry. Extract of T. catappa has been found to improve fish survival, growth rate, inhibit bacterial infection, improve water quality, enhance fish colouration, and boost the immune response. Although T. catappa leaves have undergone substantial research, it has not been systematically described in connection to fish species used in aquaculture. This review will systematically discuss the biotoxicity of T. catappa evaluation of growth‐promoting properties, eggs and larviculture performance, and enhancement of fish resistance to various bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In addition, the article also highlights the future perspectives of using T. catappa to improve fish culture.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of leibnitzia anandria (linnaeus) turczaninow

Leibnitzia anandria is a perennial herbaceous plant with medicinal properties, and the entire plant can be used in traditional medicine. Leibnitzia anandria was once classified under the genus Gerbera Cass., but was reclassified under Leibnitzia Cass. recently. In this study, using the GeneLab M sequencing technology of the Genemind platform, we have sequenced, assembled, and analyzed the complete chloroplast genome of Leibnitzia anandria for the first time. The genome is 154168 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy region(LSC, 80166 bp), a small single-copy region(SSC, 18202 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat sequences(IR, 27900 bp). We have predicted and annotated a total of 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA-coding genes, and 8 rRNA-coding genes. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that Leibnitzia anandria and Leibnitzia nepalensis, as well as the closely related Gerbera plant, clustered into a separate clade, rather than grouping together with the other plants belonging to the tribe Mutisieae. This study provides new information for the phylogeny research of Leibnitzia anandria, contributing to a better understanding of its taxonomy and evolution.

A Review of the Health Benefits of Processed Lentils (Lens culinaris L.)

ABSTRACTLentil (Lens culinaris L.) is a versatile and nutrient‐dense food legume crop with demonstrated health benefits. As people are trying to minimize health‐related issues through healthy eating, lentils are gaining more popularity. Several processing methods, including heating, germination, fermentation, and extrusion, are frequently utilized to prepare this extensively consumed legume, transforming it into delicious and nutritious dishes while also optimizing its medicinal attributes. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies using the processed lentils effectively demonstrated their functional benefits including cardioprotective, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities. These facts make a strong case that consuming processed lentils can lower the likelihood of developing noncommunicable chronic illnesses like diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and so on. The conservation of bioactive substances including phenolic compounds and flavonoids is key to the processed lentils' beneficial health effects. These bioactive compounds have an impact on human physiology, neutralizing the excess free radicals or oxidants from damaging cell, which leads to improved health and well‐being. In this article, we reviewed and summarized the results from studies on processed lentils that have an impact on human health. By combining available studies, this review article provides an up‐to‐date and well‐informed viewpoint on improving health through dietary interventions, specifically looking at processed lentils and their potential to systematically lower disease risk and obtain health benefits.

Verified localization and pharmacognosy of herbal medicinal plants in a combined network framework

Pharmacognosy from medicinal plants involves the scientific domain of medicinal compounding based on their medicinal properties. Accurate identification of medicinal plants is crucial, especially by examining their leaves. Choosing the wrong plant species for medicinal preparations can have adverse side effects. This study presents a Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence approach for medicinal plant identification, combining a YOLOv7-based Leaf Localizer with a leaf Class Verifier based on DenseNet through a Confidence Score Analyser algorithm. The Confidence Score Analyser ensures reliability by evaluating predicted categories against predefined thresholds, and the ensemble technique through majority voting enhances robustness. An average performance gain of 25.66% sensitivity is observed when comparing the YOLO object detection model with 77.45% precision to the YOLO integrated with the class verifier model with 97.33% precision. Consistent sensitivities are achieved through the ensemble technique, showcasing robustness across diverse scenarios. The final step incorporates automated textual and audio pharmacognosy information about the identified medicinal plant properties and their utility. Real-time applicability as a smart phone application makes this approach invaluable for medicinal plant collectors and experts.

Research Progress of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv and Predictive Analysis of Quality Markers Based on Network Pharmacology

Abstract: Du Zhong is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb unique to China. It is a national second- class precious protected tree, known as “plant gold”, which has been used to treat various diseases since ancient times. The main active ingredients are lignans, phenylprophetons, flavonoids, iridoids and steroids and terpenoids, which have pharmacological effects such as lowering blood pressure, enhancing immunity, regulating bone metabolism, protecting nerve cells, protecting liver and gallbladder and regulating blood lipids. In this paper, a comprehensive review of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. was summarized from the processing and its compositional changes, applications, chemical components, pharmacological effects, and pharmacokinetics, and the Q-marker of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is preliminarily predicted from the aspects of traditional efficacy, medicinal properties and measurability of chemical composition, and the pharmacodynamic substance basis and potential Q-marker of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. are further analyzed through network pharmacology. It is speculated that quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, chlorogenic acid and pinoresinol diglucoside components are selected as quality markers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., which provide a basis for the quality control evaluation and follow-up research and development of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

The wound healing effect and DNA damage repair of exopolysaccharide extracted from Weissella cibaria MED17

Lactic acid bacteria can synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPSs), and some of these EPSs have pharmaceutical or medicinal properties. However, the wound healing capacities of EPSs have rarely been reported. In this study, EPS extracted from Weissella cibaria MED17 was used to investigate wound healing capacity. MED17 EPS was previously characterized and antioxidant capacity was also demonstrated. The application dose of the compound was determined by the MTT assay. The comet assay was applied to reveal the free radical scavenging activity and protection capacity of MED 17 against DNA damage by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage with Mitomycin-C (MMC) in the cells. The comet assay showed that 15 mg/ml MED 17 EPS could ameliorate DNA damage by 50%. Moreover, the scratch test investigated the wound-healing effect of MED 17 EPS on HT-29 colon cells. MED 17 EPS could stimulate the migration of HT-29 and ameliorate MMC-induced DNA damage. However, further studies need to be conducted to clarify the mechanisms of the wound-healing process of MED 17.

Rapid molecular identification of Rana dybowskii by species-specific primers

Oviductus Ranae is the dried oviduct from Rana dybowskii, a forest frog species with medicinal, tonic, and cosmetic properties. Due to the high price and resource shortage, counterfeit varieties of Oviductus Ranae often appear in the market. However, traditional identification methods cannot accurately differentiate between Oviductus Ranae and its adulterants. In this study, a rapid molecular identification method has been established. The method involves extracting genomic DNA in just 30 seconds using filter paper purification, species-specific rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and finally, fluorescence detection of the products. It can accurately identify Oviductus Ranae and its three common adulterants in about 30 minutes, making the process simple, fast, and highly specific.

Medicinal Properties of Plant Polyphenolic Compounds

Medicinal Properties of Plant Polyphenolic Compounds

Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Ethnopharmacological Properties of Mistletoe from Phoradendron and Viscum Species.

Plants from the genus Phoradendron and Viscum, also known as American and European mistletoe, are a group of hemiparasitic plants traditionally used to treat many diseases. Mistletoes have a rich content of natural compounds like terpenes, alkaloids, proteins, and phenolic compounds associated with their potential medicinal properties. In this sense, mistletoes have shown antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity, which has been attributed to their phytochemical constituents. The mechanisms in which mistletoe plants act vary and depend on their phytochemical content and distribution, which in part will depend on the mistletoe species. In this sense, recent literature research is needed to visualize state of the art in the ethnopharmacological potential of mistletoe. Thus, this literature review aims to systematically report recent studies (2010-2023) on the phytochemical characterization and bioactive studies of mistletoe plants, mainly the Viscum and Phoradendron genera. We gather recent information of 161 references selected in our research. Here we report that although there are several bioactivity studies of mistletoe species, bioavailability studies are still scarce, and the precise mechanisms of action are not fully known. We encourage that further studies include a systematic strategy to cover these areas of opportunity.